# Lost Worlds of Ancient and Modern Greece > Gilbert Bagnani: The Adventures of a Young Italo-Canadian Archaeologist in Greece, 1921-1924 ## Posts - [October 1924 the Burtons and the Bagnanis](https://lostworlds.ca/october-1924-the-burtons-and-the-bagnanis/): Gilbert Bagnani’s letters to his mother cease after his return [...] - [The Return](https://lostworlds.ca/the-return/): Gilbert sailed back from Batum on a Turkish ship with [...] - [War between Turkey and Russia? (cont.)](https://lostworlds.ca/war-between-turkey-and-russia-cont/): Gilbert speculated that Kemal’s secular reforms would so alienate Moslem [...] - [War between Turkey and Russia?](https://lostworlds.ca/war-between-turkey-and-russia/): It was from Batum in Georgia that Gilbert wrote “Turkey [...] - [Batum, Georgia & oil](https://lostworlds.ca/batum-georgia-oil/): From Erzurum the road north through what had once been [...] - [Armenia and Erzerum](https://lostworlds.ca/armenia-and-erzerum/): Before the War, any Armenians who lived in ports and [...] - [Soumela Monastery](https://lostworlds.ca/soumela-monastery/): A few miles south of Trebizond lay Soumela, the richest [...] - [Trebizond, the Last Greek Empire](https://lostworlds.ca/trebizond-the-last-greek-empire/): Gilbert’s friend William Miller was in the process of writing Trebizond, [...] - [Trebizond](https://lostworlds.ca/trebizond/): Several days after the end of the conference on Mosul [...] - [Politicised Excavations in Constantinople](https://lostworlds.ca/politicised-excavations-in-constantinople/): The French, British and Italian troops who, since November 1918, [...] - [Constantinople “Embassy Set” 1924](https://lostworlds.ca/constantinople-embassy-set-1924/): Gilbert already knew the Italian Ambassador and his wife, who [...] - [May 19 – June  5, 1924  Mosul conference & oil ](https://lostworlds.ca/may-19-june-5-1924-mosul-conference-oil/): Gilbert’s sojourn in Constantinople coincided with the Conference on Mosul, [...] - [May 27 – June 11, 1924 Gilbert Bagnani in Constantinople](https://lostworlds.ca/may-27-june-11-1924-gilbert-bagnani-in-constantinople/): Gilbert was at last able to achieve his dream of [...] - [Hellenic Institute of Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Studies in Venice](https://lostworlds.ca/hellenic-institute-of-byzantine-and-post-byzantine-studies-in-venice/): Little known to the outside world is the Hellenic Institute [...] - [Renaissance and Venice](https://lostworlds.ca/renaissance-and-venice/): The Byzantine Greeks eventually regained their capital by 1261 but [...] - [Constantinople and the 4th Crusade (1204)](https://lostworlds.ca/constantinople-and-the-4th-crusade-1204/): In 330, Constantine, the first Christian Emperor of Rome, had [...] - [Albania not advisable](https://lostworlds.ca/albania-not-advisable/): It is not certain why Gilbert returned to Greece in [...] - [A cooled friendship over foreign politics](https://lostworlds.ca/a-cooled-friendship-over-foreign-politics/): William Miller (1864-1945) created his own career. Although educated as [...] - [Mme Chariclée Baltazzis, the Grieving Widow (continued)](https://lostworlds.ca/mme-chariclee-baltazzis-the-grieving-widow-continued/): Having rested from his travels around Greece, in March 1924 [...] - [Mme Chariclée Baltazzis, the Grieving Widow  ](https://lostworlds.ca/mme-chariclee-baltazzis-the-grieving-widow/): Gilbert was beginning a new friendship with Mme Chariclée Baltazzis, [...] - [Kyria Anna Doro Levi ](https://lostworlds.ca/kyria-anna-doro-levi/): Anna Kozadinou first appeared in Gilbert’s letters as a politically [...] - [September 16 -19 1923 Spying for Mussolini in the Underworld](https://lostworlds.ca/september-16-19-1923-spying-for-mussolini-in-the-underworld/): Although Greece agreed to accept most of Mussolini’s demands, the [...] - [27 August 1923 Italian Border Delegation Massacred ](https://lostworlds.ca/27-august-1923-italian-border-delegation-massacred/): On the morning of Monday, 27 August 1923, a Ford [...] - [July 1923 Smyrna “Life Amid the Ruins”](https://lostworlds.ca/july-1923-smyrna-life-amid-the-ruins/): In July 1923, one year after visiting their maid’s brother [...] - [June 1923 Karpathos Sokastro (cont.)](https://lostworlds.ca/june-1923-karpathos-sokastro-cont/): Four visitors are known to have ventured over to Sokastro [...] - [2011 Karpathos Sokastro](https://lostworlds.ca/2011-karpathos-sokastro/): Today, the islet of Sokastro is a small, steep-sided rocky [...] - [June 1923 A Lost City on Karpathos](https://lostworlds.ca/june-1923-a-lost-city-on-karpathos/): The harbour at Leukos on the west coast of Karpathos [...] - [June 1923 Karpathos](https://lostworlds.ca/june-1923-karpathos/): In June 1923, not being able to excavate in war-torn [...] - [May 16 1923 Thessaloniki ](https://lostworlds.ca/may-16-1923-thessaloniki/): On the north shore of the Aegean, Thessaloniki is a [...] - [May 21 – August 1923 – Dangerous Interviews](https://lostworlds.ca/may-21-august-1923-dangerous-interviews/): In a remarkably bold, courageous, and potentially dangerous move, Gilbert [...] - [26 -29 June 2005 Mt Athos](https://lostworlds.ca/26-29-june-2005-mt-athos/): In 2005 I sailed to the quasi-independent republic of Mt [...] - [May 13 - 15 1923 Mt Athos](https://lostworlds.ca/may-13-15-1923-mt-athos/): Mt Athos is a mountain range at the south end [...] - [May 6 – 12 1923 Etruscans on Lemnos?](https://lostworlds.ca/may-6-12-1923-etruscans-on-lemnos/): The north Aegean island of Lemnos had only recently been [...] - [March 1923 A Mysterious Friend in Danger](https://lostworlds.ca/march-1923-a-mysterious-friend-in-danger/): On February 10 and 11, 1923, ten of the Athens [...] - [1 April 1923 A New Perspective](https://lostworlds.ca/1-april-1923-a-new-perspective/): Gilbert’s world of the 1920s can be seen through his [...] - [16 February = 1 March 1923 Calendar Reform](https://lostworlds.ca/16-february-1-march-1923-calendar-reform/): After Russia and other revolutionary governments adopted the western Gregorian [...] - [30 January 1923 Murder at Luxor](https://lostworlds.ca/30-january-1923-murder-at-luxor/): On the evening of Tuesday 30 January Travers Allan, a [...] - [January 30 1923 Compulsory Permanent Exile](https://lostworlds.ca/january-30-1923-compulsory-permanent-exile/): Even after the Greek war refugees had already fled to [...] - [January 21 1923 Greek Orthodox Refugees](https://lostworlds.ca/january-21-1923-greek-orthodox-refugees/): No longer the bourgeois ante-bellum provincial capital, the Athens that [...] - [January 11, 1923 Death in Exile](https://lostworlds.ca/january-11-1923-death-in-exile/): An ailing ex-King Constantine died suddenly in Palermo Sicily January [...] - [January 19 1923 Too Crowded](https://lostworlds.ca/january-19-1923-too-crowded/): Upon returning to Athens from Santorini, Gilbert had to find [...] - [January 5 – 12, 1923 Santorini ](https://lostworlds.ca/january-5-12-1923-santorini/): As anticipated, both Gilbert Bagnani’s and Doro Levi’s bursaries to [...] - [December 2022 Milanese Review of Lost Worlds](https://lostworlds.ca/december-2022-milanese-review-of-lost-worlds/): Review of Lost Worlds in Journal of Greek Archaeology 7 (2022), pp. 518-522 by [...] - [November 26 1922 Harry Burton and “Wonderful Things”](https://lostworlds.ca/november-26-1922-harry-burton-and-wonderful-things/): It is not yet known when Gilbert Bagnani and his [...] - [October 31 1922 Siege of Rhodes Quadricentenary](https://lostworlds.ca/october-31-1922-siege-of-rhodes-quadricentenary/): Gilbert usually travelled with his mother to England for the [...] - [September 29 1922 King George, An Unpopular Prince](https://lostworlds.ca/september-29-1922-king-george-an-unpopular-prince/): On Thursday September 28, Colonels Plastiras and Gonatas led Greek [...] - [September 27 King Constantine, the Bulgar-Slayer](https://lostworlds.ca/september-27-king-constantine-the-bulgar-slayer/): When King Constantine was once again forced to go into [...] - [September 8 1922 Exits](https://lostworlds.ca/september-8-1922-exits%ef%bf%bc/): Prime Minister Venizelos had chosen a fellow Cretan, Aristeidis Stergiadis [...] - [September 7 1922 Greece’s Disaster](https://lostworlds.ca/september-7-1922-greeces-disaster/): On Thursday September 7, Gilbert sent a last article written [...] - [August 11 1922 Arthur Evans’ Knossos](https://lostworlds.ca/august-11-1922-arthur-evans-knossos%ef%bf%bc/): “Went to Gortyna, Phaistos & Hagia Triada the sites of [...] - [July 19 1922 Cave of the Nymphs at Pharsalos](https://lostworlds.ca/july-19-1922-cave-of-the-nymphs-at-pharsalos%ef%bf%bc/): After returning to Athens from Smyrna, Gilbert joined della Seta [...] - [August 4 1922 A Provocative Speech](https://lostworlds.ca/august-4-1922-a-provocative-speech/): In May 1919, at the request of the Allied leaders, [...] - [July 24 1922 Monasteries in the Air](https://lostworlds.ca/july-24-1922-monasteries-in-the-air/): On their way back from the cave at Pharsalos, the [...] - [July 13 1922 Smyrna A scandalous antiquities collector](https://lostworlds.ca/july-13-1922-smyrna-a-scandalous-antiquities-collector/): Further googling disclosed that de Candolle’s American wife had been [...] - [July 13 1922 Smyrna: A Meandering Rail Line](https://lostworlds.ca/july-13-1922-smyrna-a-meandering-rail-line/): After Ernesto took Gilbert to see the Roman aqueducts at [...] - [July 12 1922 Smyrna before the Fire](https://lostworlds.ca/july-12-1922-smyrna-before-the-fire/): Back on March 26, Gilbert wrote to his mother that, [...] - [July 5 1922 Ambassador without a country](https://lostworlds.ca/july-5-1922-ambassador-without-a-country%ef%bf%bc/): While sailing around the Dodekanese with the Italian Governor, Count [...] - [May 31 1922 Bodrum landings ](https://lostworlds.ca/may-31-1922-bodrum-landings/): It was the Italians’ occupation of south-western Anatolia around Antalya [...] - [May 27 1922 Knights Hospitaller of Rhodes](https://lostworlds.ca/may-27-1922-knights-hospitaller-of-rhodes/): The city of Rhodes with its castle and fortifications of [...] - [May 22 1922 Alan Wace ](https://lostworlds.ca/may-22-1922-alan-wace/): Alan Wace (1879-1957), a Cambridge graduate, had served as Director [...] - [Review of Lost Worlds](https://lostworlds.ca/review-of-lost-worlds/): Review of Lost Worlds in the May issue of the [...] - [May 1 1922 Ali Pasha – Murder from below](https://lostworlds.ca/may-1-1922-ali-pasha-murder-from-below/): Ali Pasha was a controversial Albanian Muslim warlord tolerant of [...] - [April 12 1922 Byzantine Outpost at Mistra ](https://lostworlds.ca/april-12-1922-byzantine-outpost-at-mistra/): After being disappointed at the lack of remains of ancient [...] - [April 9 1922 Cyrene](https://lostworlds.ca/april-9-1922-cyrene/): The Dante Alighieri Society was and is an international organization [...] - [April 6 1922 Forced Loan](https://lostworlds.ca/april-6-1922-forced-loan/): In their desperation to raise funds to support the Greek [...] - [April 2 1922 Excavating Neolithic Athens](https://lostworlds.ca/april-2-1922-excavating-neolithic-athens%ef%bf%bc/): While excavating on the south slope of the Acropolis, the [...] - [April 1, 1922 Oblivious](https://lostworlds.ca/april-1-1922-oblivious/): Gilbert reported that the Athenians in general seemed relieved that [...] - [March 26, 2022 Peace at any Price ](https://lostworlds.ca/march-26-2022-peace-at-any-price/): Britain, France and Italy had met in Paris and issued [...] - [March 15, 1922 Foreign Correspondent](https://lostworlds.ca/march-15-1922-foreign-correspondent%ef%bf%bc/): Following the lead of his mentor in Rome, William Miller, [...] - [March 10, 1922 Empty-handed Return ](https://lostworlds.ca/march-10-1922-empty-handed-return/): Greek Prime Minister Gounaris and Foreign Minister Baltazzi had spent [...] - [Monday 6 March 1922 Murder](https://lostworlds.ca/monday-6-march-1922-murder%ef%bf%bc/): Around 10 p.m. March 6 on his way home, Andreas [...] - [February 23, 922 The secret agent](https://lostworlds.ca/february-23-922-the-secret-agent/): Italy’s foreign policy of “peaceful penetration” was always looking for [...] - [February 22, 1022. The ‘Mystery Man of Europe’](https://lostworlds.ca/february-22-1022-the-mystery-man-of-europe/): At a dinner at Princess di Vicovaro’s, Gilbert met a [...] - [23 February 1922 A rediscovered crypt](https://lostworlds.ca/23-february-1922-a-rediscovered-crypt/): The church of St Demetrios, the largest in Greece, is [...] - [February 22 1922 Italy caught red-handed](https://lostworlds.ca/february-22-1922-italy-caught-red-handed/): In May 1919, pressured by Venizelos the leaders of Britain, [...] - [Review of Lost Worlds in The Greek Press, Toronto](https://lostworlds.ca/review-of-lost-worlds-in-the-greek-press-toronto/): The titles of some books act like magnets. They pull [...] - [Tuesday 21 February 1922 Gilbert’s lecture on the Roman Agora](https://lostworlds.ca/tuesday-21-february-1922-gilberts-lecture-on-the-roman-agora/): Among the rites of passage in training young archaeologists is [...] - [February 7 1922 Sculpted cats, dogs and hockey players](https://lostworlds.ca/february-7-1922-sculpted-cats-dogs-and-hockey-players/): For several centuries ancient Athenians had been burying their dead [...] - [February 6 1922 Patriarchal Elections](https://lostworlds.ca/february-6-1922-patriarchal-elections/): In Rome Pope Benedict XV died in the Vatican January [...] - [January 25, 1922: The incestuous man in the cupboard](https://lostworlds.ca/january-25-1922-the-incestuous-man-in-the-cupboard/): Alexander Philadelpheus (1866-1955), the son of a Greek historian, studied [...] - [January 13 1922: Foreign Archaeological Schools in Athens](https://lostworlds.ca/january-13-1922-foreign-archaeological-schools-in-athens/): France was the first country to establish a school for [...] - [Sunday 1 January 1922 Separate Calendar Time Zones](https://lostworlds.ca/sunday-1-january-1922-separate-calendar-time-zones/): Westerners and Catholics living in Greece followed the western Gregorian [...] - [Friday 30 December 1921 William Miller](https://lostworlds.ca/friday-30-december-1921-william-miller/): One of the most influential men in young Gilbert’s life [...] - [Dec. 28, 1921: The Director Arrives](https://lostworlds.ca/dec-28-1921-the-director-arrives/): The three students at the Italian School went down to [...] - [Dec. 26, 1921: An Archaeologist on a Mission](https://lostworlds.ca/dec-26-1921-an-archaeologist-on-a-mission/): Francis Demetrios Kalopothakes, whom Gilbert in his letters nicknamed the [...] - [Dec. 25, 1921: Western Christmas](https://lostworlds.ca/dec-25-1921-western-christmas/): Gilbert sent flowers to the Serpieri’s for Christmas since they [...] - [Dec. 22, 1921: A Tragic Family](https://lostworlds.ca/dec-22-1921-a-tragic-family/): At Lady Law’s Gilbert met Mme Baltazzi, the wife of [...] - [Dec. 21, 1921: Assassination Attempt](https://lostworlds.ca/dec-21-1921-assassination-attempt/): Admiral Paul Koundouriotis was a prominent Venizelist who had briefly [...] - [Dec. 20, 1921: The Venizelist Opposition](https://lostworlds.ca/dec-20-1921-the-venizelist-opposition/): It isn’t clear how Gilbert managed to receive an invitation [...] - [Dec. 19, 1921: A Royal Celebration](https://lostworlds.ca/december-19-1921-a-royal-celebration/): Like Winston Churchill after World War II, Greek Prime Minister [...] - [Dec. 12, 1921: Gilbert as Social Climber](https://lostworlds.ca/december-12-1921-gilbert-as-social-climber/): In his letters it is clear that Gilbert Bagnani was [...] - [Dec. 12, 1921](https://lostworlds.ca/december-12-1921/): Gilbert Bagnani was pleasantly surprised and favourably impressed with his [...] - [Dec. 5, 1921](https://lostworlds.ca/december-5-1921/): The image accompanying this chapter portrays Gilbert Bagnani as an [...] - [1921-1924: Bagnani's Travels and the Burning of Smyrna](https://lostworlds.ca/welcome-to-the-new-website/): Gilbert Bagnani sailed into Greece December 5, 1921, about one [...] ## Pages - [Reviews](https://lostworlds.ca/about-the-book/reviews/) - [Excerpt](https://lostworlds.ca/about-the-book/excerpt/) - [Contact](https://lostworlds.ca/contact/) - [About the Author](https://lostworlds.ca/about-the-author/) - [About the Book](https://lostworlds.ca/about-the-book/) - [Blog: Greece, 100 Years Ago](https://lostworlds.ca/latest-news/) - [Home](https://lostworlds.ca/) ## Optional - [Agent (MCP protocol)](websites-agents.hostinger.com/lostworlds.ca/mcp) [comment]: # (Generated by Hostinger Tools Plugin)